Fellowship Trained Spine Surgeon Advanced Endoscopic Spine Surgery Minimally Invasive Spine Procedures Expert Care for Slip Disc & Sciatica Cervical & Lumbar Spine Specialist Spine Trauma & Fracture Management Personalized & Evidence-Based Treatment Faster Recovery with Advanced Techniques
Fellowship Trained Spine Surgeon Advanced Endoscopic Spine Surgery Minimally Invasive Spine Procedures Expert Care for Slip Disc & Sciatica Cervical & Lumbar Spine Specialist Spine Trauma & Fracture Management Personalized & Evidence-Based Treatment Faster Recovery with Advanced Techniques
Spine Health & Education

Causes of Chronic Back Pain and How to Treat It

Dr. Rohit Garg – Consultant Spine Surgeon June 2026 8 min read

Chronic back pain is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide — yet millions continue to suffer without knowing their options. If you've been struggling with persistent back pain, this guide will help you understand what's happening in your spine and what modern treatment can do for you.

What Is Chronic Back Pain?

Back pain that persists for 12 weeks or more — even after an initial injury has apparently healed — is classified as chronic back pain. Unlike acute pain, which signals an immediate problem, chronic back pain may arise from structural issues, nerve compression, lifestyle factors, or underlying spinal conditions that slowly worsen over time.

As the best spine surgeon in Mira Road, Dr. Rohit Garg sees patients every day who have lived with back pain for months or years, often told there is nothing more that can be done. In most cases, a proper diagnosis reveals treatable conditions — and advanced procedures mean patients no longer need to accept pain as permanent.

Most Common Causes of Chronic Back Pain

Identifying the exact cause is the first step toward effective treatment. Here are the most frequent reasons patients visit our spine clinic in Mira Road:

01

Degenerative Disc Disease

As we age, the cushioning discs between the vertebrae lose moisture and flexibility. This leads to disc collapse, bone-on-bone friction, and nerve irritation. Degenerative spine disorders are among the most common sources of both lower back and neck pain, particularly in adults over 40. Symptoms include a dull, aching pain that worsens with sitting or bending and may radiate into the legs (sciatica) or arms.

02

Herniated (Slip) Disc

A herniated disc occurs when the inner gel-like core of a disc pushes through its outer casing and presses on nearby nerves. This is one of the most frequent causes of sciatica — sharp, shooting pain that travels from the lower back down one or both legs. Herniated discs in the neck can similarly compress nerves and cause radiating arm pain. Endoscopic spine surgery has revolutionised how these cases are treated, offering same-day procedures with minimal tissue damage.

03

Spinal Stenosis

Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal that squeezes the spinal cord and nerve roots. It typically develops gradually due to arthritis, disc degeneration, or bone spur formation. Patients describe heaviness in the legs, difficulty walking long distances, and relief when leaning forward. When conservative management fails, minimally invasive spine surgery can decompress the affected area through a tiny incision with far less recovery time than traditional open surgery.

04

Spondylolisthesis

This condition involves one vertebra slipping forward over the vertebra below it, destabilising the spine and compressing nerve roots. It can result from a stress fracture (common in young athletes), degenerative changes, or congenital factors. Symptoms range from chronic low back stiffness to severe leg pain and weakness. Spinal instrumentation — the use of screws, rods, and cages to stabilise the spine — is often the definitive solution for advanced spondylolisthesis.

05

Spinal Fractures

Compression fractures of the vertebrae — often caused by osteoporosis, falls, or road traffic accidents — can produce sudden, severe back pain that becomes chronic if left unmanaged. Dr. Rohit Garg specialises in trauma and complex fractures, including minimally invasive vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty procedures that stabilise fractured vertebrae with minimal surgical risk.

06

Paediatric Spine Conditions

Back pain is not exclusively an adult concern. Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, Scheuermann's disease, and spondylolysis in young athletes can all produce chronic pain that affects daily life and academic performance. Early evaluation is essential. As a specialist in paediatric spine surgery, Dr. Garg offers comprehensive care tailored to growing spines — balancing surgical precision with long-term developmental outcomes.

07

Muscle and Postural Problems

Prolonged desk work, poor posture, weak core muscles, and sedentary lifestyles create chronic muscular tension and spinal misalignment. While these cases often respond well to physiotherapy and lifestyle modification, persistent cases may benefit from medical evaluation to rule out structural pathology.

When Should You See a Spine Specialist?

Not every backache requires surgery — but certain warning signs demand prompt attention. Consult the best spine surgeon in Mira Road immediately if you experience:

  • Back pain that has lasted more than 6 weeks without improvement
  • Pain that radiates into the leg or arm (sciatica or cervical radiculopathy)
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs or feet
  • Loss of bladder or bowel control (a medical emergency)
  • Severe pain following a fall or accident
  • Night pain that wakes you from sleep
  • Unexplained weight loss alongside back pain

How Is Chronic Back Pain Diagnosed?

A thorough diagnosis is the foundation of effective treatment. Dr. Rohit Garg conducts a detailed clinical assessment, including a review of your symptoms, physical examination, and neurological testing. Imaging studies typically include:

  • MRI Scan — The gold standard for visualising soft tissue structures including discs, nerves, and the spinal cord
  • X-Ray — Useful for evaluating bony alignment, fractures, and disc height
  • CT Scan — Provides detailed bone architecture, ideal for complex fractures and surgical planning
  • Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS/EMG) — Assess the degree of nerve damage or compression

Accurate diagnosis means the right treatment — not just temporary relief.

Treatment Options for Chronic Back Pain

Modern spine care follows a staged approach — starting with conservative therapies and escalating to surgery only when medically necessary and appropriate.

Non-Surgical Treatments

For mild-to-moderate cases, best back pain treatment in Mira Road begins with non-invasive options:

  • Physiotherapy — Targeted exercises to strengthen the core, improve flexibility, and correct posture
  • Medications — Anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, and nerve pain medications for symptom control
  • Epidural Steroid Injections — Corticosteroids delivered directly to the inflamed nerve root for targeted relief
  • Lifestyle Modification — Weight management, ergonomic corrections, and activity adjustments

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery

When non-surgical options fail to provide adequate relief, minimally invasive spine surgery in Mira Road offers a compelling alternative to traditional open surgery. Using small incisions, tubular retractors, and advanced imaging guidance, Dr. Garg performs procedures such as:

  • Microdiscectomy for herniated disc removal
  • Laminectomy / Laminotomy for spinal canal decompression
  • TLIF / PLIF (Transforaminal / Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion)
  • Vertebroplasty & Kyphoplasty for compression fractures

Benefits include significantly reduced blood loss, smaller scars, shorter hospital stays (often 1–2 days), and a faster return to daily life.

Endoscopic Spine Surgery

The most advanced option available today, endoscopic spine surgery uses an HD camera and specialised instruments passed through a tiny 8mm incision. Dr. Garg, one of the best endoscopic spine surgeons in Mira Road, performs fully endoscopic discectomies and foraminotomies under local anaesthesia — an option especially valuable for patients who are elderly, diabetic, or at higher anaesthetic risk. Patients are often mobile within hours of their procedure.

Spinal Instrumentation & Fusion

For spinal instability, spondylolisthesis, or severe deformity, spinal instrumentation restores structural integrity using titanium screws, rods, and bone grafts. Modern navigation-assisted systems allow Dr. Garg to place implants with millimetre-level accuracy, reducing risk to surrounding nerves and tissue.

Neck Pain: A Closely Related Concern

Many patients who visit seeking best neck pain treatment in Mira Road are surprised to find that their symptoms — headaches, shoulder pain, arm numbness, or dizziness — are rooted in cervical spine pathology. Cervical disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, and cervical stenosis are all conditions Dr. Garg diagnoses and treats with the same minimally invasive philosophy applied to lumbar spine disorders.

Why Choose Dr. Rohit Garg for Your Spine Care?

Dr. Rohit Nirbhay Garg is a fellowship-trained orthopaedic and spine surgeon practising at Evershine Multi-speciality Hospital, Mira Road, Mumbai. His commitment to evidence-based, patient-centred care has established him as the best orthopedic surgeon in Mira Road for patients seeking advanced spinal solutions.

Fellowship-Trained Expert

MBBS from Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Thane; MS Orthopaedics from Government Medical College, Nagpur; with advanced fellowship training in spine surgery.

Advanced Technology

Fully equipped for endoscopic, navigation-assisted, and image-guided spine procedures — the same technology used in top national and international spine centres.

Faster Recovery

Minimally invasive techniques mean less pain, smaller incisions, minimal blood loss, and patients returning home — and to life — much sooner.

Personalised Treatment Plans

Dr. Garg believes surgery is always the last resort. Every patient receives a thorough evaluation and a customised plan based on their condition, lifestyle, and health goals.

Conclusion: Don't Let Back Pain Define Your Life

Chronic back pain is not a life sentence. With accurate diagnosis and the right care pathway — from physiotherapy to cutting-edge endoscopic surgery — the vast majority of patients achieve meaningful, lasting relief. Whether you've been struggling for weeks or years, the first step is a proper specialist consultation.

If you are looking for the best back pain treatment in Mira Road or need expert opinion on a spinal condition, Dr. Rohit Garg and his team are here to help. Book your consultation today and take the first step towards a pain-free life.

Frequently Asked Questions

Have questions about chronic back pain or spine treatment? Dr. Rohit Garg answers the questions patients ask most.

Who is the best spine surgeon in Mira Road?

Dr. Rohit Nirbhay Garg is widely regarded as the best spine surgeon in Mira Road. He is a fellowship-trained orthopaedic and spine surgeon at Evershine Multi-speciality Hospital, specialising in minimally invasive and endoscopic spine procedures. He has successfully treated hundreds of patients with conditions ranging from slip disc and sciatica to complex spinal deformities and fractures.

What is the best treatment for chronic back pain?

The best treatment depends on the underlying cause. Most patients begin with physiotherapy, medications, and lifestyle modification. If these are insufficient, minimally invasive procedures such as epidural injections, endoscopic discectomy, or spinal fusion may be recommended. Surgery is always considered a last resort and is recommended only when conservative treatment has failed and there is clear structural pathology causing the pain.

What is minimally invasive spine surgery and what are its benefits?

Minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) uses small incisions and specialised instruments to treat spinal conditions with minimal disruption to surrounding muscles and tissues. Key benefits include significantly reduced blood loss, lower infection risk, shorter hospital stay (often 1–2 days), less post-operative pain, and a much faster return to normal activities compared to traditional open spine surgery.

What is endoscopic spine surgery? Is it painful?

Endoscopic spine surgery is the most advanced form of minimally invasive spine surgery. It is performed through an 8mm incision using an HD endoscope (camera) and micro-instruments. Many procedures can be performed under local anaesthesia with sedation, making it suitable even for high-risk patients. Post-operative pain is minimal, and most patients are able to walk and go home the same day or the day after surgery.

Can a slip disc heal without surgery?

Yes, in many cases a herniated (slip) disc can improve significantly with conservative management including physiotherapy, anti-inflammatory medications, and activity modification. Studies show that up to 90% of patients with disc herniation improve within 6–12 weeks without surgery. However, if there is progressive neurological weakness, severe intractable pain, or loss of bladder/bowel control, surgery becomes necessary and should not be delayed.

Where is Dr. Rohit Garg's spine clinic located?

Dr. Rohit Garg practices at Evershine Multi-speciality Hospital, Rassaz Mall, 108–118, NL Patel Marg, Bharti Nagar, Mira Road East, Mira Bhayandar, Mumbai – 401107. You can book an appointment by calling +91 9075021992 or by visiting the contact page on our website.

Is spine surgery safe for elderly patients?

Modern minimally invasive and endoscopic techniques have made spine surgery significantly safer for elderly patients. Procedures performed under local anaesthesia with sedation avoid the risks associated with general anaesthesia. Dr. Garg carefully evaluates each patient's overall health before recommending surgery and tailors the approach to minimise risk while achieving the best possible outcome.

What causes neck pain and when should I see a spine specialist?

Neck pain can arise from poor posture, cervical disc herniation, cervical spondylosis, or nerve compression. You should see a spine specialist if your neck pain is persistent (more than 4–6 weeks), radiates into the arms, causes numbness or tingling in the fingers, is associated with headaches or dizziness, or is accompanied by weakness in the arms or hands. Dr. Garg provides comprehensive neck pain treatment at his Mira Road clinic.

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